Thomas Jefferson And The American West - 1772 Words

Even as a young boy in the Virginia frontier, exploration and the pursuit of knowledge captivated the imagination of Thomas Jefferson. His father, an experienced cartographer and explorer, is often cited as the inspiration for Jefferson’s fixation on the West. As he grew older, Jefferson realized that the American West was not an empty wilderness, but a land crowded by conflicting nations and claims of sovereignty that only a few fur traders had experienced. Once Jefferson acquired the Louisiana territory from Napoleon in 1803, he sent an expedition led by two of his colleagues, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, with the mission of quenching his thirst for knowledge. The official goal of the expedition was to explore the newly purchased territory, but Jefferson had other goals as well. He asked Lewis and Clark to take careful observations of the natural resources and geography of the West to see what economic possibilities existed in the area. Jefferson realized that the Natives Americans in the area needed to be informed about the purchase and that the United States would be a larger presence than before. He sent the expedition to establish good relations with the various tribes. They had a planned speech for each tribe and gave medals to all of the chiefs to signal the goodwill of the Americans. An added bonus to the new friendships between Americans and Indian tribes is less trade for the French and British, who, up until now dominated the trade in the Great Plains.Show MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And The Declaration Of Independence1360 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Jefferson was a man who was born on April 13, 1743, he the third president of United States, author of the Declaration of Independence, a lawyer gentlemen farmer, he also was the father of the University of Virginia. Jefferson’s influences on government was to end federal government, to allow the Sedition and Alien Act to put an end to it, to end the t axes, and after ending taxes to release prisoners held by this act. Thomas brought a studied informality to the presidency. He used revenuesRead MoreThe Colonization Of North And South America1295 Words   |  6 PagesEuropean colonization of North and South America, it either benefited or ravaged tribal societies and their peoples. Through the 16th-19th centuries, the Native Americans populations declined in the following ways:  epidemic diseases  brought from Europe; violence  and warfare. During the prospect of exploration, Thomas Jefferson viewed American Indians as people with the possibly of â€Å"Enlightenment† and from a political standpoint either they were enemies of war or allies in peace. While the United StatesRead More Undaunted Courage Essay732 Words   |  3 PagesStephen E. Ambrose’s Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Undaunted Courage is a very detailed account of what Ambrose considers the most important expedition in American history, Lewis and Clark’s exploration of the west. Ambrose attempts to project Thomas Jefferson’s vision of a country that stretches from sea to shining sea, of an open road to the west, of an â€Å"Empire of Liberty†. Ambrose repeatedly shows how importantRead MoreEssay about Biography of President Thomas Jefferson1502 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson, the third president of the United States is one of the more lauded, revered, criticized, and respected presidents of all time. In fact, he’s better to be seen as two people: a quiet and secluded philosopher, and an informal, public and loud president; it just so happens that these conflicting personalities found their home inside of Thomas Jefferson. This paper shall cover how come these personalities came into conflict so often, by examining his philosophies, the actions he tookRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Election of 1800 Aptly Named the Revolution of 1800? Respond with Reference to Two of the Following Areas: Foreign Policy - Judiciary - Politics - Economics623 Words   |  3 PagesThe election of Thomas Jefferson in 1800 was one of the most major turning points for America. America was only an official country for 24 years and we were about to make some of the most important decisions that would affect us to this day. Thomas Jeffersons economic view that farmers were the most productive and trustworthy citizens, yet recognized that we needed a machine-based economy along with Albert Gallatin issuing the, â€Å"Report on Roads and Canals,† leading to the creation of a national roadRead MoreThe Louisiana Of The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pagesof the most beautiful land ever made. This land that was explored was called the Louisiana territory. The Louisiana Purchase was purchased in 1803 by Thomas Jefferson the president at that time. The Louisiana purchase was a land purchase between the United States and France, in which the U.S. gained around 827,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River for $15 million dollars. This was the greatest land deal in history. The Louisiana territory was sold to the U.S by the FrenchRead MoreThe First Five Presidents Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 PagesThe first five presidents for the United States impacted the United States greatly and their names were George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and James Monroe. The president I think that impacted the U.S the most was George Washington who was in office for eight years (1789-1797). George Washington who was the commander in chief and led the army in the Revolutionary War and gained freedom from Great Britain at that time there was thirteen colonies in the United States. InRead MoreDemocracy And Individualism : A Nation Of A Homogenous Type Of Society1241 Words   |  5 PagesDemocracy and Individualism In the 1800’s, Thomas Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, and many others had visions for America that involved a nation of a homogenous type of society. It was believed in order to create a better nation that people other than the European Americans needed to be eradicated. In these beliefs, these men affected the America nation through their trials and tribulations, which help guide society into what it is today. Thomas Jefferson was a man who viewed white as beautiful. InRead MoreImpact of the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition1198 Words   |  5 Pageswas a purchase that will make Thomas Jefferson a man to be remembered. Although, he wasn’t the only man who impacted the United States during this time period. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark are the two men that are greatly known for their expedition across the Louisiana Territory. These two subjects, the Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis and Clark Expedition, altered our nation immeasurably. The Louisiana Purchase came as a surprise that neither Thomas Jefferson nor anyone else had ever dreamedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The United States891 Words   |  4 PagesIn the mere beginnings of his presidency in 1801, Thomas Jefferson knew he was to live up to the expectations of the American public. A developing fear of President Jefferson’s were the rumors circulating concerning Spain’s control of the strategic ports of New Orleans. Fervently, the idea of Spain giving the ports back to the original owner of the French was becoming more of a possibility. Realization struck Thomas Jefferson that French military dictator, Napoleon Bonaparte persisted contemplating

Essay on Social Security - 1184 Words

Social Security nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Security is a public program designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, sickness, disability, death, or unemployment. In the United States, the word social security refers to the programs established in 1935 under the Social Security Act. Societies throughout history have devised ways to support people who cannot support themselves. In 1937 the government began issuing Social Security identification cards to all citizens. Each card had a unique number that the government used to keep track of a person’s earnings and the taxes collected from those earnings that went to finance Social Security benefits. The Social Security Act is an act in which†¦show more content†¦Amendments in the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s defined specific earnings limits and allowed benefit payments to be reduced rather than entirely eliminated when these limits were exceeded. Since 1983, those 70 or older have been able to continue working without any earnings limits. Amendments to the Social Security Act passed in 1996 relaxed earnings limits for senior citizens who had reached full retirement age. Amendments in 1999 created stronger incentives and better supports for the disabled to engage in productive work. In 2000 Congress entirely eliminated the earnings limit for seniors who had reached the full retirement age, giving more seniors the freedom to work without reducing their Social Security benefits. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Several federal agencies today support and administer the various Social Security programs. The programs associated with Social Security include Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI), Medicare, Unemployment Compensation, and Supplemental Security Income (SSI). For people who have worked for a living, OASDI and Medicare provide support during their older years and when they have stopped working. Unemployment Compensation provides temporary financial help during periods between jobs. SSI provides income to people who cannot work for various reasons. The OASDIShow MoreRelatedSocial Security999 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security History, Current Structure and Calculation of Benefits The Social Security Act was implemented in 1935, after the stock market crash had wiped out the savings of millions of Americans, the nation reached out to their president to guarantee the elderly a decent income. The original Act provides retirement benefits payable to a person 65 years and older who were no longer working. There were very few people that had access to pension from their employers and through government pensionRead MoreSocial Security1185 Words   |  5 Pages) ADM653: SOCIAL SECURITY AND EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ADMINISTRATION TOPIC: DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN UNITED STATES PREPARED BY: AFIQAH BINTI MAD KASSIM 2013455736 ALIA ATIQQAH BINTI ADENAN 2013 FIQRIN HANIS BINTI ROSLI 2013488894 INTAN SURAIYAH BINTI RAMAT 2013460818 NUR AMILY BINTI ZAINUDDIN 2013439594 GROUP: S3BA5G (SEPT 2015) PREPARED FOR: SIR SUHAIMI BIN ABD SAMAD SUBMISSION DATE: 13 OCTOBER 2015 1.0 Introduction United States Social Security AdministrationRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1311 Words   |  6 Pages In 2033 a retiree with the average Social Security benefits of $1,294 will only receive 77% of this number or $996. This average retiree pays the average monthly costs for a single adult in Grand Rapids, Michigan of $1,323. This shows Social Security benefits today are sinking below the amount necessary to live. In the case the benefits are cut further, living on benefits will be impossible. This stays true to the 20% of retirees who rely on Social Security for all of their income. To make a trulyRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1582 Words   |  7 PagesIn 18 years, Social Security benefits could drop so that millions will not have the money to survive. On the other hand, it could not exist entirely. Social Security funds are sinking due to its history, its inability to obtain funds, and the retirement of the Baby Boomer generation. To make a truly accurate evaluation of Social Security one must look at the past, present, and future of the program which is depicted in the following paragraphs through the program’s history, its costs, and finallyRead MoreSocial Security : A Social Problem3610 Words   |  15 PagesThe social security deficit is one that consumes the economy in the greatest way possible, whether man is aware of it or not. Social Security is an insurance plan the working class earns their beneficial coverage due to their work hours and tax paying on their earnings. The program is for the disabled and for those who can longer work due to health issues, or because of the retirement age that is required to have reached and some have met. To solve the social security dilemma some of the actionsRead MoreEssay On Social Security1655 Words   |  7 PagesThat’s why America created a system called social security in 1935, this system is to help those who are older and have disabilities. (see staff.) Social security has three main part: first is the objective and comprehensive introduction to the American social security sys tem; the second is the information authority, novel, the policies and data are from the US government and the legislature; third is the academic and practical combination of the US social security system Of the policy practice at theRead MoreThe Social Security System1442 Words   |  6 Pageshave faced the uncertainties brought on by unemployment, illness, disability, death and old age. In the realm of economics, these inevitable facets of life are said to be threats to one s economic security†- (www. ssa.gov). The 1935 Social Security Act was a giant step towards creating an economic security for the nation. However, as a person who has yet to be in the work force for 10 years I have already begun to realize that my comfort in retirement cannot rely on government funding, there are thoseRead MoreThe Benefits of Social Security1031 Words   |  4 PagesSocial security is any government system that provides monetary assistance to people with an inadequate or no income. The United States government program was established in 1935. Social security is important in the U.S. because it lifts 20 million people out of poverty. Social security has changed drastically in the past few years of our society. Today, 37 million people get social security benefits of more than $15 billion a month. One way of getting a social security is to gain employment. TheRead MoreEssay on Social Security782 Words   |  4 PagesSocial Security The purpose of this paper is to analyze social security so as to show the reader what makes it beneficial to us today. . Throughout my life the words social and security have meant little more to me than the representation of a small blue card in my wallet, a consistent and increasingly significant deduction of funds from my weekly pay-check, and a vague academically-instilled recollection of the potential for long-term future benefit. In fact, it was not until I researchedRead MoreThe Social Security Act1240 Words   |  5 PagesA. Is Shirley Caretaker disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act in that she meets the requirements of the disabling listing for 12.04 affective disorders in 20 C.F.R. Appendix 1 to Subpart P of Part 404-Listing of impairments? With respect the answer is yes for the reasons stated in the Argument section of this brief. B. Is Shirley Caretaker disabled within the meaning of the Social Security Act in that she meets the combined requirements of the listings for 1.01 and 1.02(a)(b)

The Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision Free Essays

Toni Morrison’s highly acclaimed debut work, The Bluest Eye, is one of unquestionable beauty and intricately woven prose. As a fictional writer, Morrison avails herself of her literary faculties, using her mastery of description in order to convey an unusually lucid picture to the reader. The five senses seem to envelop a great deal of description in the novel, most notably that of sight. We will write a custom essay sample on The Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision or any similar topic only for you Order Now As has been discovered by virtue of studying the brain’s neural and cognitive machinery, vision occupies large regions of the brain. Although in a more abstract sense, vision’s disproportionate influence on the narrative and the story’s characters is greatly manifested in The Bluest Eye. One powerful way in which vision dictates many aspects of the novel is through the concept of aesthetic beauty. Throughout the novel, Morrison paints a detailed depiction of how African-Americans, especially young, amenable girls, are subject to the conventional indoctrination of beauty. Society has taught them to equate white with beautiful, and to go to considerable lengths to â€Å"whiten† themselves, such as in the case of women like Geraldine, who is described as sugar-brown in skin tone: â€Å"†¦they never cover the entire mouth for fear of lips too thick, and they worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair† (83). Geraldine even goes as far as to inculcate this physical selfloathing in her own son, Junior: â€Å"†¦his hair was cut as close to his scalp as possible to avoid any suggestion of wool, the part was etched into his hair by the barber† (87). Any manifestations of stereotypical racial features, such as full lips and â€Å"wool-textured† hair are carefully concealed in an effort to adhere to the white ideal of what is beautiful. In the town of Lorain, Ohio, subliminal and implicit messages emphasizing whiteness as superior are found everywhere, and seemingly impossible to ignore. The quintessential white baby doll given to Claudia as a present, romanticism of Shirley Temple, the exaltation of the light-skinned Maureen, idealization of white female actresses in movies, and Pauline’s nurturing of the little white girl are a few examples of the ways in which hese hypnotic images invade the vulnerable consciousness’ of the African-American women and young girls in the story. Adult women, having matured into consummate self-loathers, detesting the bodies in which they were born, express their hatred by taking it out on their own children: Mrs. Breedlove adopts the conviction that her daughter is ugly, and G eraldine curses Pecola’s blackness. The idea that ugliness is in fact a state of mind is presented early on in the book when illustrating the Breedlove family: â€Å"Mrs. Breedlove, Sammy Breedlove, and Pecola Breedlove—wore their ugliness† (38). This sentence provides an implication that the Breedlove’s ugliness was a result of deliberate choice. The narrator then continues on, observing, â€Å"You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly; you looked closely and could not find the source† (39). In saying this, one can elicit that the members of the Breedlove family are not inherently ugly, rather they are driven to believe that they are and that they deserve to be, convincing those that look upon them that they are ugly. The Breedlove’s sense of physical insecurity emanates outwardly, and causes others to see them in the way they want to be seen. For one reason or another, being viewed with contempt for their appearance benefits them in some way. For Mrs. Breedlove, her ugliness is used for purposes of â€Å"martyrdom,† for Sammy, it is used to inflict â€Å"pain,† and for Pecola, it is used as a â€Å"mask† to hide behind. In the vein of vision, a recurring motif that is discernable in The Bluest Eye is seeing versus being seen. Many characters in the novel, most frequently, Pecola, express feelings of being disregarded and invisible when interacting or in the vicinity of white people. In the passage about the Breedlove’s living situation, they are described as living in â€Å"anonymous† misery. The fact that they paradoxically live in anonymity despite being exposed to passersby on the street, introduces this prevailing theme. Conceivably one of the most memorable scenes that addresses this subject is when Mrs. Breedlove recounts giving birth. In referring to the doctors, she says, â€Å"They never said nothing to me. Only one looked at me. Looked at my face, I mean. I looked right back at him. He dropped his eyes and turned red. He knowed, I reckon, that maybe I weren’t no horse foaling† (125). By refusing to make eye contact with her and acknowledge her, the doctors, in a way, dehumanize her. She sees them, but they do not see her. They treat her as though she is an animal, rather than a sentient human being, and although uneducated, Mrs. Breedlove is perceptive enough to notice this. She believes that if they were to lock eyes with her, they would realize something unpleasant: that she is no different from the white patients. With regard to invisibility, the early scene with Pecola in the candy shop also seems to be particularly telling. In speaking of Mr. Yacobowski, it says, â€Å"†¦he senses that he need not waste the effort of a glance. He does not see her, because for him there is nothing to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant store-keeper†¦ see a little black girl? (48). What can be gathered from this is that the man, to some degree, has made a conscious choice not to look at her, not because he is physically incapable of doing so, but because he considers someone of her skin color insignificant, and not worth the energy necessary for acknowledgment. This theme underscores the difference between how one sees and how one is seen, also differentiates between superficial sight and real insight. Pecola’s desire for blue eyes is undoubtedly essential to examine when considering the power and impact of vision in the novel. Pecola is consumed with the thought of having blue eyes because she believes that they would be the simple panacea for everything that is unpleasant in her life. She is convinced that they will alter the way she is seen by others, and therefore the way that she sees the world around her. To Pecola, blue eyes and happiness, are inextricably linked. In a way, too, they represent her own blindness, since she attains them at the expense of her sanity. In addition, she has the understanding that if she had â€Å"beautiful† eyes, people would not think it right to do ugly things in front of her or to her: â€Å"Maybe they’d say, ‘Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustn’t do bad things in front of those pretty eyes’† (46). She believes that the cruelty she is exposed to is somehow intertwined with how she is seen. Her insight is confirmed when Maureen steps in while being teased by the boys at school. Upon arrival, it seems that Maureen’s beautiful gaze causes the boys not to want to act badly. One character in The Bluest Eye that stands out against the rest as being one of the few individuals who can see clearly, and through an unadulterated lens is Claudia. Her clarity of vision is in part due to the fact that it is not marred by pain, like Pecola’s is. In the beginning of her narrative, she talks about how she has not yet reached the stage in adolescence where love turns to self-hatred. She is different from others girls her age because she does not strive to emulate them, at the loss of her well-being. When she receives the doll, she describes her impulse to dismember it: â€Å"I had only one desire: to dismember it. To see what it was made, to discover the dearness, to find the beauty, the desirability that had escaped me, but apparently only me† (20). In her childlike naiveness, she does not realize that the beauty everyone praises the dolls for does not come from within, but instead, is on the surface. She wants to take apart the doll in the hopes that she will unearth the inner secret to its beauty. At least at this point, she is unaware of what society has narrow-mindedly deemed beautiful. Near the end of the story, when she and her sister are talking about Pecola’s pregnancy, she imagines the unborn baby as beautiful in its blackness, indicating that she does not embody the impressionable mindset typical of other women in the book. The Bluest Eye is one of the most profound examples in modern literature that attests to the ability of vision in impacting the way in which people perceive the world and are perceived by others. The novel repeatedly brings to attention the malleability of human sight, and its vulnerability to distortion through the lens of hatred, love, bigotry, and racism. Even in the title of Morrison’s work, one can learn a substantial amount about the intrinsic role vision plays in the story. The word ‘eye’ in the title is singular rather than plural, suggesting the negative implications on the individual by society’s white tunnel vision in relation to concepts of beauty and approval. In addition, the double meaning of ‘eye’ and ‘I’ strongly emphasizes the significance of vision in the grand scheme of the novel. How to cite The Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision, Papers

Speech Language and Communication Needs free essay sample

Communication is a two way process which allows us to express our thoughts and feelings to others, while allowing us in turn to understand what others are trying to convey to us. Communication involves speech and language (verbal) as well as facial expression, gesture and body language (non-verbal). Communication is an essential life skill for children and young people and it underpins their social, emotional and educational development. (Bercow 2008) To communicate effectively we must understand and ‘apply’ the ‘rules’ of the structure used in language and be able to vocalise this through speech. We must also hear and understand the speech of others through our ability to listen and to interpret body language and facial expression. Developing and building upon these skills will enable children and young people to interact and relate to others and the world around them. However, if a child or young person has a difficulty in any of these areas Speech, Language or Communication then this need must be addressed otherwise it may impact on their behavioural, emotional and social development. In general, children with developmental language difficulties are at greater risk than typically developing children of having behavioural, emotional and social difficulties. † (Better Communication Research Programme 2010) Therefore this presentation seeks to highlight the correlation between the Speech, Language and Communication Needs (SLCN) of children and young people and how it has a bearing on their behavioural, emotional and social development as well. SECTION TWO Children and young people’s behaviour can be used as a way of communicating to others and the world around them. Behaviour, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) can manifest themselves in a range of ways. Some of these are characterised by the following: Physical/ Verbal aggression Anxiety/ Depression Withdrawn/ Isolated Hyperactive/ Lacking concentration Phobias/ Self-harm Low self-esteem Children and young people with BESD may act unpredictably in a variety of social, personal or physical settings. These behaviours often times seek to communicate how a child or young person is feeling, although it is often the case that the behaviour is seen as the difficulty rather than the symptom of underlying language difficulty. (Communication Trust 2008) Furthermore, children with SLCN are more likely to have social and emotional difficulties. There is a link between SLCN and BESD (Lindsey,G. Dockrell, J. 2000). Studies have indicated that behavioural problems account for three quarters of children and young people who had significant language difficulties as well (Ripley, K. Yull, N. 005). It is also evident that children learn about emotions through play and interact through language. This in turn enables children to develop skills in managing their behaviour and emotions effectively. However, a child with SLCN may find these scenarios or situations challenging. Therefore a child with language/ communication difficulties in a school may display limited eye contact, have difficulty initiating conversation or staying on the topic of conversation, staying on task and have problems using language to negotiate or argue their point of view with their peers. Consequently, this will inhibit their ability to develop the skills needed to manage their behaviour and emotions properly. Likewise it can result in social isolation from their peers if they are unable to engage in understanding the ‘rules’ of appropriate behaviours in social situations as a result of their inability to understand fully facial gestures or body language. Evidently, BESD has a bearing on the SLCN’s of children and young people. It hinders the learning of new skills appropriate to a child’s stage of development as well as impacting on their capacity to form satisfying relationships. The fact is that speech and language occur together with emotional and behavioural development and that they do affect each other powerfully. Being able to communicate through speech and language, but more importantly understand and use communication effectively is critical in supporting and developing the behavioural, emotional and social needs of a child or young person. But â€Å"if there is a difficulty understanding what people say, difficulty speaking or forming sounds or words and using language in appropriate social contexts then this can affect a child’s behaviour and emotional development†. Speech, Language Communication Action Plan 2011) In the short term it can result in low confidence, frustration, anger, difficulty in making friends and difficulty in processing new information and low academic achievement. In the longer term it can seriously affect interpersonal relationships with peers and family with problems tending to increase with age. (Botting et al 2000). It has also been noted that a third of children with communication problems will go on to develop mental illness if untreated. (Clegg et al 1999). For example, a child with a speech and language impairment such as a stammer will find that their SLCN will impact heavily on their BESD. It can have a negative impact on their academic performance and relationships with their peers and teachers. There is also a growing link between being bullied and having emotional, academic and even physical difficulties. (Communication Trust 2008) A stammer can be very debilitating for children in a social setting. It affects their self-esteem and self-image. Within school they are more susceptible to being bullied, being withdrawn and developing social phobias (Murphy et al 2007). If untreated this will continue into adulthood and manifest itself in various anxiety disorders. (Craig Tran 2006). Another example of how SLCN can impact on BESD is highlighted in the case of a child with ASD. The child may find it difficult to read facial expression or grasp the humour shared by their peers and consequently may react in a way that is not socially in tune with the group or acceptable. In not being understood they can display behaviour that is deemed inappropriate. Emotionally they are frustrated and can become withdrawn. Not being able to interact on an equal par with their peers which can result in social exclusion and isolation. The child may feel socially inept which can lead to low self-esteem and other difficulties.The Bercow report set out to examine the services used for children and young people with SLCN’s and to identify areas that needed to be developed further to enhance their quality and provide better support for parents. As well as stressing a number of key areas that are essential to help tackle SLCN’s in children and young people. The Bercow report illustrated the following: Communication is crucial: i. e. communication between parents, therapists etc. Early Identification and Intervention is paramount: early identification in the child’s life and intervention to support the child and family provides â€Å" a better chance of tackling problems, communicating well and making progress†. (Bercow 2008) Early identification and intervention is necessary for without it there are higher risks of lower educational attainment of behavioural problems, of emotional and psychological difficulties. A continuum of services around the family is needed: the assistance and support for families will only be met when services are designed and delivered in a way that parents find understandable and accessible and that these services of SLCN reach across the whole age range and the level of need is addressed. A more collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach to working is critical: All agencies and professionals need tighter and a more integrated approach to work along with continuous professional development and training in order to ensure optimum support for children and their families who have SLCN.

Antagonism Between Men And Women Essays - Gender, Humanities

Antagonism Between Men And Women Women have always been oppressed by men, that the antagonism between men and women has its origin deep in human psychology or biology, and that the way women suffer in our society is nothing but the same old story that has been going on ever since human life began. This is such a pessimistic view that it is hard to understand why it is so popular with feminists today. If women are put at a disadvantage by human nature itself, how can we ever change things? Either an all-out war against men could lead to men being forced to change their ways without changing their basically anti-women ideas; or a few women could separate themselves off from the rest of society and be free in a sense; or the human race could be destroyed by women refusing all co-operation with men. None of these conclusions can be very appealing for the majority of women. On the other hand, the view that women are oppressed simply because men (and most women too) have the wrong ideas about women can be too optimistic. Liberating women is seen as just a matter of persuasion and education, of explaining to men that they have got it wrong and that they really should share the housework and the top jobs because it would be more fair. History shows that all ideas can change: none are so deep-rooted in human nature that nothing can be done about them. But they can't be changed by persuasion, by the light of reason alone, because ideas depend on material relations between human beings. The idea that black people are inferior, for example, belongs to societies that exploit black people, either as slaves or as cheap labour. To get rid of the idea once and for all we have to get rid of the system that produces the idea. This doesn't mean that we can't argue or organise against racism here and now, but it does mean that persuading people that they have the wrong ideas is only the first step to getting rid of the society that is responsible for them. The idea that women are inferior comes from societies that are divided into classes, where one set of people control the labour of others and enjoy wealth and power as a result. Our own capitalist society is far from being the first society divided into classes, though we hope to make it the last. In ancient Greece and Rome, slaves were exploited by slave-owners, in Europe in the middle ages lords lived off the labour of serfs on the land, and there have been variations of these societies at other times and places. With the rise of manufacture and the Industrial Revolution, those with wealth to invest as capital found new ways to make profits out of wage-earning men and women. In all these forms of society, women have been oppressed. But there have been, even in quite recent times, societies that were not divided into classes, and where women did not have an inferior position. These were the societies we call primitive, where there was no production other than the gathering of wild plants and hunting of wild animals. Nowadays, most of these societies have been affected by contact with European traders, rulers and missionaries, who have changed their ways of life. But when white men first came into contact with most of the native tribes of North America, Australia and the Pacific islands, these were societies without classes and in which women were as strong and as powerful as men. When production was simple and population low, women's role as the bearers of children was important and respected. Though men and women might have their separate tasks and rituals, women as well as men took part in the most important decisions, such as whether to move a settlement or make war on another band or tribe. Couples might live together with their children, but sexual relations were more free and separation easier than in later societies. When production increased, agriculture appeared, and flocks and herds of animals were kept for food and wealth (for fields and cattle were the first forms of private property), class divisions began to appear. Men of wealth could make others work for them, buy slaves and take advantage of others' poverty. They began to own wives, too, like cattle, and pass on their wealth to their male children. As Engels argued a hundred years ago, in The Origin of the Family, Private

Airline Analysis Essays - American Brands, OpenTravel Alliance

Airline Analysis Essays - American Brands, OpenTravel Alliance Airline Analysis Statement of Problem: SlugAir, a small regional airline, aspires to become a much larger airline. They pride themselves on being an efficient, single-class, on-time and reliable airline. This airline appeals to those who want reliable, get me where I wanna go service whether the passengers be the everyday traveler or a cost-conscious business traveler. Currently, SlugAir serves small locations throughout California and the Western US. SlugAir serves these locations by feeding hubs for the national carriers and servicing routes that avoid the major hubs. This strategy has allowed SlugAir to become a very profitable small no frills airline. Most airlines are organized in what is called hubs and spokes. The hubs are two major cities that all of the airline's flights fly out of to smaller cities called the spokes. In between the hubs is what is considered the airlines main route as the flights in between the hubs are the companies most profitable. Flights to the spokes make the airline extra money and people on these flights usually have a lay over at the hub and then go onto the smaller city or may even switch planes to get to their final destination. Thus, the airline feeds its own route by flying to their hubs ( main money making cities) on the way to also getting those that want to get to smaller cities to their destinations. In order for SlugAir to become bigger and more profitable it must open a route between two major cities in the west. For efficiency, these cities need to be ones that it currently services in order to allow them to feed their own route. The competitors that we are considering are 1) United 2) Alaska 3) Delta and 4) Southwest. In order to find the best possible route to open we will evaluate each of these airlines and the routes in which we want to compete. We will look at each airline in terms of their size, power and efficiency in the routes we are considering. We will look at the flights offered, their times and frequency. We will also look at the possibility of SlugAir competing with each of the competitors and how each might react should SlugAir enter their market. Lastly, we will evaluate ways to improve SlugAir as an airline. We will look at ways to make the company more appealing, more widely known and more successful. United Airlines Corporation (UAL Corp.) United Airlines is the largest domestic air carrier in the world. With hubs in Chicago, Los Angeles, Denver, San Francisco, and Washington D.C., and key international gateways in Tokyo, London, Frankfurt, Miami and Toronto. United flies to 134 destinations in 27 countries, with a fleet of 577 aircrafts. United's 101,000-plus employees worldwide bring people together safely, conveniently and efficiently almost 2,300 times a day. United's mission statement is: To be recognized worldwide as the airline of choice. In 1994, United launched Shuttle By United, which competes successfully against the new wave of low-cost, no-frills carriers. In 1997, United formed The Star Alliance global partnership with four International carriers to provide customers with access to more than 815 destinations around the world. In May 1997, United discontinued its Friendly skies slogan introduced in 1965, and launched a new ad campaign called Rising, which focuses on the company's new Customer Satisfaction Philosophy (CSP), which will become the basis for all their actions in the future. There is only one direct route to and from Seattle to San Francisco, which is provided by Shuttle By United and not by United Airlines itself. Shuttle By United provides approximately 10 daily flights from Seattle to San Francisco for as low as 166.50 USD (based on round trip); and 10 daily flights from San Francisco to Seattle for as low as 133.00 USD (based on round-trip and 7-day advance-purchase). These flights operate only between the hours of 6:00 AM and 6:00PM-10:30PM, depending on the day. And according to their online reservation system, they do not offer one way trips, only round-trips (this may be different, if calling the airline directly or booking flights by other means). It would be virtually impossible for SlugAir to compete with United, because United is such a huge, world-renowned corporation. United

Research Paradigms, Knowledge and Practice Essay

Research Paradigms, Knowledge and Practice - Essay Example 5). This essay identifies and critically discusses the research paradigms to be the most relevant to the development of nursing knowledge: positivism/empiricism and phenomenology/interpretivism. Nursing has progressed as a unique discipline through the application of theories from other academic fields and the advancement of clinical research. The discipline of nursing focuses on the personal circumstances of individual patients. In essence, this suggests that research to enhance the clinical practice of nursing should focus on environmental factors and individual attributes that are not open to plain quantitative approach. Nursing has formulated research paradigms to address these challenging issues. The discipline of nursing revealed that there is a need to expand the foundation of nursing knowledge, and research is the best way to accomplish such goal. Focus of the Discipline of Nursing The discipline of nursing gradually grew from established theories, intuition, religious belief s, apprenticeship, philanthropic intentions, and traditional women’s role, as well as diverse impact of feminism, economics, politics, technology, and medicine (Shaw, 1993). Florence Nightingale, the first practitioner of nursing, described nursing as a field of study that has social relevance and structured concepts different from the field of medicine. However, M.E. Roger’s (1970 as cited in Shaw, 1993, p. 1651) more recent holistic perspective of individuals have become an important foundation in developing theory by characterizing nursing as ‘an art and a science’ and by creating a concrete starting point for testing theories. Donaldson and Crowley (1978), in their seminal work, identify a discipline as â€Å"a unique perspective, a distinct way of viewing all phenomena, which ultimately defines the limits and nature of its inquiry† (as cited in Rich, 2010, p. 26). Nursing practitioners have long tried to identify, investigate, understand, and e xplain the concepts fundamental to the discipline of nursing—nursing, environment, health, and person. Issues defining the limits for nursing research and practice involve (Shaw, 1993, p. 1651): (a) laws and principles governing life processes and well-being of humans, (b) influences of the environment on human behavior, (c) processes whereby nursing positively affects health, and (d) families and communities as a focus of nursing practice. Several researchers found out an agreement on the frequent topics and similarities fundamental to nursing research and inquiry. Development of knowledge in a discipline could progress from a number of scientific and philosophic worldviews. The focus of nursing as a discipline has developed most significantly over the recent decades. Several concepts have been determined as fundamental to the discipline of nursing. A case in point is the often mentioned tetralogy, namely, ‘person, environment, nursing, and health’ (Polifroni & Welch, 1999, p. 20). Although recognition of these concepts helps simplify the focus of nursing, there is still the importance of social relevance and apparent interrelatedness to define the discipline that makes up nursing (Keele, 2010). Unrelated concepts do not create the scientific or philosophic questions that encourage inquiry. The discipline of n